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Adiaspiromycosis - a
pulmonary disease of many species of rodents and occasionally of humans,
caused by the inhalation of spores of the fungus Emmonsia parva and
E. crescens. It is marked by huge spherules in the lungs, with
symptoms ranging from the sub - clinical to a bilateral pneumonia.
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Adiaspore -
a large, globose,
thick-walled conidium, usually produced by Emmonsia (Chrysosporium)
parvum, in the lungs of humans and animals.
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Aleurioconidium (pl. aleurioconidia) -
a thallic conidium
released by lysis or fracture of the supporting cell.
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Annellide
-
a specialized
conidiogenous cell producing conidia in basipetal succession by a series
of short percurrent proliferations (annellations). The tip of an annellide
increases in length and becomes narrower as each subsequent conidium is
formed.
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Ankylosing
spondylitis
– is a form of chronic inflammation of the spine and the sacroiliac joints
which are located in the low back where the sacrum meets the iliac bones;
chronic inflammation in these areas causes pain and stiffness around the
spine which overtime would lead to a complete cementing together of the
vertebrae, a process called ankylosis which, in turn, results to total
loss of spine mobility; Furthermore, it is also considered as a systemic
rheumatic disease which can cause inflammation in other joints away from
the spine, as well as other organs such as the eyes, heart, lungs, and
kidneys.
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Anthropophilic
– organisms which are attracted to humans especially, as a source of food.
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Anthropophilic
dermatophyte – dermatophyte that is
found in association with humans and produces a mild, chronic inflammation.
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Apophysis -
A swelling. The
term is primarily applied to the funnel - shaped swelling of a
sporangiophore, immediately below the columella, seen in some Zygomycetes.
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Arsine
- a colorless, flammable, very poisonous gas, H3As, having an
odor like - garlic and used in chemical warfare, as a solid - state doping
agent, and in organic synthesis.
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Arthroconidium (pl. arthroconidia) -
a thallic conidium released
by either the splitting of a double septum or by the fragmentation or
lysis of a disjunctor cell.
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Ascospore
– a haploid spore
produced within an ascus following karyogamy and meiosis.
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Ascus
(pl. Asci) - A
sac-like cell containing ascospores and are a characteristic of the
Ascomycetes.
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Aspergilloma
– the fungus forms a mycelial ball in a lung
cavity produced by an earlier attack of tuberculosis. The wall of the
cavity may erode, causing the patient to spit blood, and necessitating
surgical intervention.
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Aspergillosis
– infection observed especially in people with a deficient immune system,
with clinical features which include invasive lung infection and
disseminated disease, commonly with cough, chest pains, fever, and
spitting up blood; it may also mimic asthma with cough and noise on
breathing in or sinusitis with fever, localized pain.
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Asthma
- a chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes (airways) that causes
swelling and narrowing (constriction) of the airways, resulting to
difficulty breathing; the bronchial narrowing is usually either totally or
at least partially reversible with treatments.
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Basocatenate
- used to
describe such chains of conidia where the youngest conidium is at the
basal end of the chain.
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Biseriate –
phialides arising from metulae as in the genus Aspergillus.
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Brain
abscess (or cerebral abscess) -
is caused by
inflammation and collection of infected material coming from local sources
which include ear infection, infection of paranasal
sinuses,
infection of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone,
epidural abscess;
or from remote infectious sources, such as lung, heart, kidney, and etc.,
within the brain tissue. The infection may also be introduced through a
skull fracture following a
head trauma
or surgical procedures.
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Bronchiectasis
- chronic dilatation of the bronchial tubes.
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Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
- usually caused by Aspergillus
fumigatus, which colonizes mucus within the bronchi, evoking a severe
allergic reaction.
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Cellulitis -
a spreading
inflammation of subcutaneous or connective tissue.
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Chlamydoconidium (pl. Chlamydoconidia)
-
a thick-walled, thallic conidium formed within the vegetative
hyphae; Chlamydoconidia function as organs of perennation rather than
dissemination.
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Chromoblastomycosis
– a chronic subcutaneous infection characterized by verrucous lesions and
the formation of brown, sclerotic fission cells in tissue which appear as
similar to copper pennies.
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Cleistothecium (pl. cleistothecia) -
an
enclosed ascocarp containing randomly dispersed asci.
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Collarettes –
A small collar. Usually, a remnant of a cell wall present at
the tip of a phialide, or around a sporangiophore.
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Columella (pl. columellae) -
a sterile dome -
like structure at the tip of a sporangiophore or within a sporangium
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Conidiophore - a
specialized hypha upon which conidia develop.
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Conidium (pl. conidia) -
an asexual reproductive
propagule formed in any manner that does not involve cytoplasmic cleavage
and conidia function as organs of dissemination.
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Dematiaceous fungus
– type of fungus with melanin in the cell walls of its conidia, hyphae, or
both resulting to its dark color.
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Dermatophytes
– are fungi that require keratin for growth and can cause superficial
infections of the skin, hair and nails.
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Dermatophytosis
- are referred to as "tinea" infections; a characteristic feature is an
inflammatory pattern at the edge of the skin lesion, noted by redness and
scaling or occasionally, blister formation.
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Dermatomycosis
- fungal infection of
the skin, especially of moist parts covered by clothing.
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Dimorphic fungus
– fungus having
two different morphological forms.
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Echinulate
- covered with
delicate spines.
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Endocarditis
- an inflammation and
infection of a heart valve or the lining of the heart's chambers.
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Endophthalmitis
– is the term used by
medical eye doctors (ophthalmologists) to describe an inflammation of
tissues inside the eyes.
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Entomophthoromycosis
-
A
chronic inflammatory or granulomatous disease generally restricted to the
limbs, chest, back or buttocks primarily occurring in children with
predominance in males. Initially, lesions appear as subcutaneous nodules,
which develop into massive, firm, indurated, painless swellings, which are
freely movable over the underlying muscle but are attached to the skin
which is hyperpigmented but not ulcerated.
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Eumycetoma
- is the fungal form of mycetoma,
a disease of the
skin and of connective tissue.
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Fascia -
a sheet or band of
fibrous connective tissue enveloping, separating, or binding together
muscles, organs, and other soft structures of the body.
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Fungemia
– the presence of fungi in the blood.
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Geniculate -
bent like a knee.
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Geophilic
– species that is usually recovered from the soil.
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Geophilic
dermatophyte – dermatophyte that is
found in association with soil
but
occasionally infects humans
and animals; it may cause a marked inflammatory reaction, which limits the
spread of the infection and may lead to a spontaneous cure but may also
leave scars.
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Hepatocellular
carcinoma
– a tumor in which the cancer starts during adulthood in cells in the
liver and is characterized by a hard lump just below the rib cage on the
right side due to swelling of the liver, discomfort in the upper abdomen
on the right side, pain around the right shoulder blade, or yellowing of
the skin also called as jaundice.
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Hyaline
– colorless
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Hyalohyphomycosis
- an infection
caused by a fungus having colorless mycelium that usually occurs as a
result of indwelling catheters, steroid therapy, immunosuppressive drugs
or cytotoxins, or the body's decreased resistance to postsurgical
infection.
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Hyphae
(pl.
hyphae) -
a
single filament of a fungus.
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Hülle cells
– are thick - walled
cells developed by budding at the tips of specialized hyphae, with
characteristic thin-walled pores, and may envelop the developing
cleisthothecium thus, may serve as nurse cells.
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Keratin
- a tough,
insoluble protein substance that is the chief structural constituent of
hair, nails, horns, and hooves.
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Keratinophilic
fungi -
organisms that can utilize keratin as the sole source of carbon and
nitrogen.
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Keratitis
- term used to define a wide variety of corneal infections, irritations
and inflammations.
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Keratomycosis
– is a fungal infection of
the cornea.
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Kerion -
fungal infection of the hair follicles accompanied by secondary bacterial
infection and marked by raised, usually pus-filled and spongy lesions.
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Lymphocutaneous
– is a term
associated with a specific infection which affects the skin, subcutaneous
tissues and regional lymphatics.
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Macroconidium
(pl. macroconidia)
- the larger of two
different types of conidia produced by a fungus in the same manner.
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Microconidium
(pl. microconidia) -
the smaller of two different
types of conidia produced by a fungus in the same manner.
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Meningitis
– inflammation of the meninges usually due to infection from bacteria but
sometimes from protozoan, virus, or other causes and is characterized by
early non – specific and flu – like symptoms and are followed by more
serious symptoms which include confusion, fever, headache, loss of
appetite, rash, stiff neck, vomiting, and coma; the onset is frequently
rapid, and the disease can be fatal within a very short period of time, if
untreated, as it can cause permanent damage to the brain and nervous
system and is sometimes the cause of deafness.
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Meningoencephalitis
-
inflammation of the brain and meninges.
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Mycetoma
– is a clinical syndrome characterized by tumefaction, draining sinuses
and sclerotia.
Ø Mycotic abortion
– bovine abortion associated with fungi - derived from spores in moldy hay
and straw, and is characterized by presence of hyphae in the thickened and
necrotic placental cotyledons, in the intercaruncular areas, and in the
fetal stomach contents; placental infection probably takes place by
hematogenous spread with an incubation period of one to two months and
skin lesions on the fetus are occasionally present.
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Myocarditis
- an inflammation of
the myocardium, the heart muscle.
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Paracoccidioidomycosis -
A chronic mycosis
caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, characterized by primary
lesions of the lungs with dissemination to many internal organs, by
conspicuous ulcerative granulomas of the mucous membranes of the cheeks
and nose with extensions to the skin, and by generalized lymphangitis.
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Onychomycosis
– is the term used both to refer to non – dermatophyte nail infections or
to any fungal nail infection caused by any fungus.
Ø Osteomyelitis
– is an acute or
chronic bone infection, usually caused by bacteria; the infection that
causes osteomyelitis often is in another part of the body and spreads to
the bone via the blood.
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Ostiole
- an
opening or pore in an ascocarp or a pycnidium.
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Otitis
- an inflammation of the ear,
which may be marked by pain, fever, hearing abnormalities, deafness,
tinnitus and vertigo.
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Otomycosis
– a superficial infection of the outer ear canal which may which may
either be sub – acute or acute and is characterized by inflammation,
pruritus, scaling, and severe discomfort.
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Paracoccidioidomycosis
- A chronic mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis,
characterized by primary lesions of the lungs with dissemination to many
internal organs, by conspicuous ulcerative granulomas of the mucous
membranes of the cheeks and nose with extensions to the skin, and by
generalized lymphangitis. Also called Almeida's disease, Lutz-Splendore-Almeida
disease, paracoccidioidal granuloma, South American
blastomycosis.
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Perithecium (pl.
Perithecia)
- An enclosed ascocarp characterized an apical ostiole and by asci
arranged in a basal tuft or hymenium layer.
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Peritonitis
– an inflammation of the peritoneum tissue that lines the abdominal wall
and covers most of the organs in the abdomen; can result from infection,
injury, or certain diseases and symptoms may include swelling of the
abdomen, severe pain and weight loss.
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Phaeohyphomycosis
– a mycotic infection
of humans and lower animals caused by a number of dematiaceous
(brown-pigmented) fungi where the tissue morphology of the causative
organism is mycelial.
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Phialide
- a specialized
conidiogenous cell that produces conidia in basipetal succession without
increasing in length.
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Pneumonia
– an inflammation of one or both lungs, it is frequently but not always
due to infection which may be bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or viral and
symptoms may include chest pain, chills, cough with sputum production,
fever, and shortness of breath.
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Pseudallescheriasis
- Any of various clinical
disorders resulting from infection with the fungus Pseudallescheria
boydii which include pulmonary colonization, fungemia, and invasive
pneumonitis as well as mycotic keratitis, endophthalmitis, endocarditis,
meningitis, sinusitis, brain abscesses, cutaneous and subcutaneous
infections and disseminated systemic infections.
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Pulmonary
aspergillosis – is an allergic
reaction to a fungus called Aspergillus, which causes inflammation
of the airways and air sacs of the lungs.
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Pycnidium
- a flask-shaped asexual
structure containing conidia, found in certain fungi.
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Rhizoid
- a short branching root-like
hyphae seen in some Zygomycetes.
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Rudimentary
rhizoid – a poorly
developed rhizoid, as seen in Rhizomucor species.
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Saprobe
- an organism that utilizes dead organic matter for food.
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Sarcoidosis
– a systemic disease of unknown causes characterized by widespread lesion
formation, known as granulomas, in the eyes, liver, lungs, parotid glands,
skin, spleen, and the lymph nodes of the mediastinum; it is often
associated with a depression of cellular immunity and it is most prevalent
in the Southern United States.
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Sclerotia
-
a mass of thick - walled cells formed by the vegetative hyphae that
function as an organ of perennation.
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Septate
hypha –
divided by a septum or septa.
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Sinusitis
– an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses which may be associated with
viral respiratory infections and seasonal allergic problems or hay fever.
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Sporangiophore -
a
specialized hypha that bears a sporangium.
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Sporangiospore -
an
asexual spore produced within a sporangium.
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Sporangium (pl. sporangia) - a
sac-like structure producing asexual spores endogenously by cytoplasmic
cleavage.
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Spore
- a reproductive
propagule formed by either meiosis or mitosis. However, if by asexual
means, cleavage of cytoplasm is usually involved.
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Teleomorph
– is the sexual form
or morphology of a fungus.
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Thermophile
- an organism that thrives at
a temperature of 50°C or higher.
Ø Tinea
- is a fungus that can
grow on your skin, hair or nails and as it grows, it spreads out in a
circle, leaving normal-looking skin in the middle which makes it look like
a ring.
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Tinea barbae
- Inflammation of the hair follicles in a shaved area of the face and neck
caused by a fungus; ringworm of the beard. Also called barber’s itch.
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Tinea
capitis
- An infection of
the scalp caused by fungi of the genera Microsporum or
Trichophyton, characterized by itchy, scaly patches and sometimes hair
loss; ringworm of the scalp.
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Tinea corporis
-
a fungal infection
involving areas of the skin not covered by hair, characterized by a pink
to red rash and often considerable itching, and usually caused by species
of Trichophyton or Microsporum; ringworm of the body.
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Tinea cruris
-
A fungal
infection of the skin of the groin area, occurring more commonly in warm
weather and among males and characterized by red ring - like areas,
sometimes with small blisters, and severe itching; ringworm of the groin.
Also called jock itch.
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Tinea faciei
- is a superficial dermatophyte infection limited to the glabrous skin of
the face.
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Tinea favosa -
is usually
considered a variety of Tinea capitis because it classically involves the
scalp, however, this mycotic infection may also involve glabrous skin and
nails. It is characterized by the occurrence of dense masses of mycelium
and epithelial debris forming yellowish cup-shaped crusts called scutula.
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Tinea
imbricata
- an eruption of
concentric rings of overlapping scales that form papulosquamous patches on
the skin, caused by the fungus Trichophyton concentricum.
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Tinea manuum -
a fungal
infection of the hands.
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Tinea nigra
- A superficial
fungal infection of skin characterized by brown to black macules which
usually occur on the palmar aspects of hands and occasionally the plantar
and other surfaces of the skin. World - wide distribution, but more common
in tropical regions of Central and South America, Africa, Southeast Asia
and Australia.
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Tinea pedis
- a
contagious fungal skin infection caused by a species of Trichophyton
or Epidermophyton that usually affects the feet, especially the
skin between the toes, and is characterized by itching, blisters,
cracking, and scaling; ringworm of the foot. Also called Athlete’s foot.
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Tinea unguium
– fungal nails,
also referred to as onychomycosis.
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Tuberculosis
– an infectious disease of humans and animals caused by tubercle bacillus
and characterized by the formation of tubercles on the lungs and other
tissues of the body, coughing up of mucus and sputum, fever, weight loss,
and chest pain; the disease often develops long after the initial
infection.
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Uniseriate
– phialides arising directly from a vesicle as in the genus Aspergillus.
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Vesicle –
a swollen cell in which grows a line of phialides that produce
chains of conidia or spores as seen in Aspergillus species.
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Wood’s
Light – ultraviolet light produced by Wood's lamp.
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Zoophilic
– organisms which prefer lower animals to humans as a source of food.
Ø Zoophilic
dermatophyte – dermatophytes that are
found in association with animals and can cause marked inflammatory
reactions in humans who have contact with infected cats, dogs, cattle,
horses, birds, or other animals.
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Zygomycosis
- refers to the angiotropic (blood vessel - invading) infection produced
by the various Zygomycetes fungi; this disease is also sometimes referred
to as mucormycosis, but the term zygomycosis is preferred.
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Zygospore -
a thick-walled
sexual spore formed by the fusion of two similar gametangia;
characteristic of the Zygomycetes.
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